Episcleritis

Definition

Episcleritis is an inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the episclera, a membrane covering the sclera of the eye.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

The sclera is composed of tissue fibers forming the strong white wall of the eye. It is covered by the episclera, a thin layer of tissue containing many blood vessels that feed the sclera. At the front of the eye, the episclera is covered by the conjunctiva.

Episcleritis is inflammation of the episclera, which occurs when there is no infection. Episcleritis is usually mild and rarely progresses to scleritis. The cause is usually unknown, but certain diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, syphilis, herpes zoster, and tuberculosis have been associated with episcleritis. It is a common condition.

Symptoms

Signs and tests

Eye examination is usually sufficient to diagnose the disorder. No special tests are usually necessary.

Treatment

The inflammation usually disappears without treatment in 1 to 2 weeks. Treatment with corticosteroid eye drops may shorten the duration of the symptoms.

Expectations (prognosis)

Episcleritis usually improves without treatment. Treatment may shorten its duration.

Complications

  • Relapses often occur
  • Rarely, scleritis may develop

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if symptoms of episcleritis persist beyond two weeks. Patients with episcleritis should be checked again if pain worsens or if vision decreases.

External and internal eye anatomy
External and internal eye anatomy
Review Date: 8/8/2006
Reviewed By: Paul B. Griggs, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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