Blepharitis
Definition
Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelash follicles, along the edge of the eyelid.
Alternative Names
Eyelid inflammation
Causes
Blepharitis is caused by an overgrowth of the bacteria that is normally found on the skin. It is usually due to seborrheic dermatitis or a bacterial infection. Both may occur at the same time.
The cause is overgrowth of the bacteria that is normally found on the skin.
Allergies and lice that affects the eyelashes may also cause blepharitis, although these causes are less common.
People who have blepharitis have too much oil being produced by the glands near the eyelid. This allows bacteria normally found on the skin to overgrow.
Blepharitis may be linked to repeated styes and chalazia. You are more likely to develop this condition if you have seborrheic dermatitis of the face or scalp, rosacea, lice, and allergies.
Symptoms
The eyelids appear red and irritated, with scales that stick to the base of the eyelashes. The eyelids may be:
- Crusty
- Reddened
- Swollen
- Itching
- Burning
You may feel like you have sand or dust in your eye when you blink. Sometimes, the eyelashes may fall out.
Exams and Tests
An examination of the eyelids during an eye examination is usually enough to diagnose blepharitis.
Treatment
Careful daily cleansing of the edges of the eyelids helps remove the skin oils that cause the bacteria to overgrow. Your health care provider might recommend using baby shampoo or special cleansers. Antibiotic ointments may also be helpful.
Outlook (Prognosis)
The likely outcome is good with treatment. Continued attention to lid cleanliness may be required to prevent repeated problems. Continued treatment will typically make the eyes less red and more comfortable.
Possible Complications
- Styes
- Chalazia
- Injury to the eye tissue (corneal ulcer) from irritation
- Inflammation of the surface of the eye (conjunctivitis)
- Loss of eyelashes
- Scarring of the eyelids
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms worsen or do not improve after careful cleansing of the eyelids for several days.
Prevention
Cleaning eyelids carefully will help prevent blepharitis. If a specific skin condition is present, it should be treated.
References
Ganatra JB, Goldstein MH. Blepharitis. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Ophthalmology. 3rd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier; 2008:chap 4.4.
Reviewed By: Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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