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Autosomal dominant

Definition

Autosomal dominant is one of several ways that a trait or disorder can be passed down through families.

If a disease is autosomal dominant, it means you only need to get the abnormal gene from one parent in order for you to inherit the disease. One of the parents may often have the disease.

Alternative Names

Inheritance - autosomal dominant; Genetics - autosomal dominant

Information

Inheriting a disease, condition, or trait depends on the type of chromosome affected (autosomal or sex chromosome). It also depends on whether the trait is dominant or recessive.

A single, abnormal gene on one of the first 22 nonsex chromosomes from either parent can cause an autosomal disorder.

Dominant inheritance means an abnormal gene from one parent is capable of causing disease, even though the matching gene from the other parent is normal. The abnormal gene "dominates" the pair of genes. If just one parent has a dominant gene defect, each child has a 50% chance of inheriting the disorder.

For example, if four children are born to a couple and one parent has an abnormal gene for a dominant disease, statistically two children will inherit the abnormal gene and two children will not. Children who do not inherit the abnormal gene will not develop or pass on the disease.

If someone has an abnormal gene that is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, then the parents should also be tested for the abnormal gene.

Examples of autosomal dominant disorders include Huntington's disease and neurofibromatosis-1.

See also:

References

Korf BR. Principles of Genetics. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 37.

Review Date: 4/26/2010
Reviewed By: Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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